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In the American Mafia, made man is a term for a fully initiated member of the Mafia. Other common names for members include ''man of honor'' ((イタリア語:uomo d'onore)), ''goodfella'', and ''wiseguy'', though the last two can also apply to non-initiated associates who work closely with the Mafia. Earning or making one's "button", or becoming a "button man" for the Mafia, is usually synonymous with becoming a "made man". In Sicily, the proper term for a member of the Sicilian Mafia is in Italian ''uomo d'onore'', or in Sicilian ''omu d'onuri''. ''Mafioso'' is a common term used by the press and academics, but is not used by members themselves. == Overview == Traditionally, in the Italian-American Mafia, in order to become a true made man, the inductee had to be a male of full Italian (preferably Sicilian) descent. For example, famous Lucchese family associate Henry Hill, portrayed in the 1990 film ''Goodfellas'', was unable to become a made man even though his mother was of Sicilian descent, as Hill's father was of Irish descent. Today, it is believed that the Italian-American Mafia has loosened this requirement so that males of half-Italian descent through their father's line can also be inducted. According to Salvatore Vitale, it was decided during a Commission meeting in 2000 to restore the rule requiring both parents to be Italian.〔Raab, Selwyn "Five Families: The Rise, Decline and Resurgence of Americas Most Powerful Mafia Empires". St. Martin Press. 2005 (pg 704)〕 However this rule was explicitly for the Five Families in New York. Because many third- and fourth-generation Italian Americans have non-Italian ancestry (due to the mixing of ethnic groups in the United States), having an Italian surname seems to have become the prerequisite for Mafia membership. Examples of made members who are not of full Italian descent include the son of Italian-American mobster John Gotti, John A. Gotti, whose maternal grandmother was of Russian descent; and Frank Salemme of the New England Patriarca crime family, whose mother was of Irish descent while his father was of Italian descent. In other cases, partially Italian-American associates have hidden their non-Italian heritage in order to become made men, such as Scarfo crime family soldier or made man Andrew Thomas DelGiorno, who managed to conceal his Polish heritage on his mother's side and was inducted into the Philadelphia Mafia. Some half-Italian associates of John Gotti that rose to a status close to that of a made man include Wilfred Johnson, half-Native American and half-Italian, and Ronald Jerothe, half-Italian on his mother's side, though both of these men were killed and subsequently never inducted into the Mafia. An associate of a crime family who was in the police force or attended a police academy cannot become a made member of the Mafia. For example, DeMeo crew member Henry Borelli could never become a made man in the Gambino family, since he had taken the New York City Police Department entrance exam in the early 1970s, and Bonanno underboss Salvatore Vitale was only made because his brother-in-law and future boss Joseph Massino covered up his previous work as a corrections officer. However, an exception to this rule includes Scarfo crime family soldier Ron Previte, who was a former (corrupt) member of the Philadelphia police force.〔 "United States Versus James V. Delaurentis" ()〕 In addition, though never officially made members of the Mafia, corrupt NYPD police detectives Louis Eppolito and Stephen Caracappa performed duties for the Lucchese crime family equivalent to those of a soldier. Traditionally, before being inducted, a potential made man is required to carry out a contract killing to prove loyalty to the Mafia and, later (after the Donnie Brasco fiasco), to show that he is not an undercover law enforcement agent; according to traditional rules, any murders committed for personal reasons "do not count".〔(The Underboss ) by Peter Maas.〕 Committing one's first contracted killing is referred to as "making your bones."〔 Performing a contract killing to become a made man is also known as getting or earning "your button," or becoming a so-called "button man" or hitman for the Mafia. However, earning one's "button" does not always involve killing, and heavy "earners" or experienced associates who have not necessarily murdered for the Mafia have in the past earned their "button," or become made men, due to their other valuable contributions. Until the 1980s, one only had to be involved in a murder (such as driving the getaway car) or be a major "earner" for the family in order to fulfill the requirements. It was not until the Donnie Brasco trials, which revealed that undercover FBI agent Joe Pistone was on the verge of being made into the Bonanno crime family, that a rule was made that potential inductees must actually perform a killing. When introducing one made man to another, the phrase "a friend of ours"〔(The American Mafia - Underworld slang )〕 is used, indicating that he is a member and business can be discussed openly with him. If the person being introduced is an associate or civilian to whom business should not be mentioned, the phrase "a friend of mine" is used instead. Made men are the only ones who can rise through the ranks of the Mafia, from soldier to caporegime, consigliere, underboss, and boss. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「made man」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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